Scriptling Scriptling

Language Guide

Scriptling is a dynamically-typed, interpreted language with Python-inspired syntax.

Syntax Rules

Indentation

Scriptling uses Python-style indentation (4 spaces recommended) to define code blocks:

if x > 5:
    print("yes")    # 4 spaces indent
    y = 10

Comments

# Single-line comments only
x = 5  # Inline comments supported

Case Sensitivity

  • Keywords: lowercase (if, while, def, return)
  • Booleans: True, False (capitalized)
  • Variables: case-sensitive (myVar ≠ myvar)

Data Types

Integer

x = 42
y = -10
z = 0

Float

pi = 3.14
temp = -273.15

String

name = "Alice"
message = 'Hello'  # Single or double quotes
multi_line = """
This is a
multi-line string
"""
raw_string = r"\n\t"  # Raw string (escapes not processed)

Boolean

flag = True
done = False

List

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mixed = [1, "two", 3.0, True]
nested = [1, [2, 3], 4]
empty = []

Dictionary

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}
config = {"host": "localhost", "port": 8080}
empty = {}

Set

numbers = set([1, 2, 3])
unique = set([1, 2, 2, 3])  # {1, 2, 3}
empty = set()

Operators

Arithmetic

x + y    # Addition
x - y    # Subtraction
x * y    # Multiplication
x ** y   # Exponentiation
x / y    # Division (always returns float)
x // y   # Floor division
x % y    # Modulo

Comparison

x == y   # Equal
x != y   # Not equal
x < y    # Less than
x > y    # Greater than
x <= y   # Less than or equal
x >= y   # Greater than or equal

Boolean/Logical

x and y  # Logical AND
x or y   # Logical OR
not x    # Logical NOT

Bitwise

~x       # Bitwise NOT
x & y    # Bitwise AND
x | y    # Bitwise OR
x ^ y    # Bitwise XOR
x << y   # Left shift
x >> y   # Right shift

Chained Comparisons

1 < x < 10        # Equivalent to: 1 < x and x < 10
18 <= age <= 65   # Working age check

Control Flow

If/Elif/Else

if x > 10:
    print("large")
elif x > 5:
    print("medium")
else:
    print("small")

While Loop

counter = 0
while counter < 10:
    print(counter)
    counter += 1

For Loop

# Iterate over list
for item in [1, 2, 3]:
    print(item)

# Iterate over string
for char in "hello":
    print(char)

# Range
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Loop Control

# break - exit loop
for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
    if i == 3:
        break
    print(i)  # Prints 1, 2

# continue - skip iteration
for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print(i)  # Prints 1, 2, 4, 5

Match Statement

# Basic pattern matching
match status:
    case 200:
        print("Success")
    case 404:
        print("Not found")
    case _:
        print("Other")

# Type-based matching
match data:
    case int():
        print("Integer")
    case str():
        print("String")
    case list():
        print("List")

# Guard clauses
match value:
    case x if x > 100:
        print("Large")
    case x:
        print("Small")

Functions

Definition

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

# Default parameters
def greet(name, greeting="Hello"):
    return greeting + ", " + name

Keyword Arguments

greet("World")  # Hello, World!
greet(name="Alice", greeting="Hi")  # Hi, Alice

Variadic Arguments

# *args collects positional arguments
def sum_all(*args):
    total = 0
    for num in args:
        total += num
    return total

sum_all(1, 2, 3)  # 6

# **kwargs collects keyword arguments
def test_kwargs(**kwargs):
    return kwargs

test_kwargs(a=1, b=2)  # {"a": 1, "b": 2}

Lambda

square = lambda x: x * 2
add = lambda a, b: a + b

# With sorted
sorted(["ccc", "a", "bb"], key=lambda s: len(s))

Error Handling

Try/Except/Finally

try:
    result = risky_operation()
except:
    result = None
finally:
    cleanup()

Raise

if x < 0:
    raise "Value must be positive"

Assert

assert x > 0, "x must be positive"

Classes

Definition

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        return "Hello, my name is " + self.name

Inheritance

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        return "Generic sound"

class Dog(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        super(Dog, self).__init__(name)
        self.breed = breed

    def speak(self):
        return "Woof!"

Built-in Functions

Type Conversions

str(42)       # "42"
int("42")     # 42
float("3.14") # 3.14
bool(0)       # False
list("abc")   # ["a", "b", "c"]
dict()        # {}
set([1,2,2])  # {1, 2}

Math

abs(-5)       # 5
min(3, 1, 2)  # 1
max(3, 1, 2)  # 3
round(3.7)    # 4
pow(2, 10)    # 1024
sum([1,2,3])  # 6

String

len("hello")              # 5
upper("hello")            # "HELLO"
lower("HELLO")            # "hello"
split("a,b,c", ",")       # ["a", "b", "c"]
join(["a", "b"], "-")     # "a-b"
replace("hello", "l", "L") # "heLLo"
strip("  hello  ")        # "hello"

List

len([1, 2, 3])    # 3
sorted([3, 1, 2]) # [1, 2, 3]
range(5)          # Iterator: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4

Slicing

nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
nums[1:4]     # [1, 2, 3]
nums[:3]      # [0, 1, 2]
nums[3:]      # [3, 4, 5]
nums[::2]     # [0, 2, 4]
nums[::-1]    # [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]

Library Import

import json
import requests

data = json.loads('{"key":"value"}')
response = requests.get("https://api.example.com")